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AFTER EFFECTS CS3
User Guide
381
Threshold The greatest difference between adjacent pixels for which contrast isn’t adjusted. A lower value produces
agreaterresult.Avaluethatistoolowcausescontrastfortheentireimagetobeadjustedandcangeneratenoiseor
cause unexpected results.
Channel effects
Alpha Levels effect
Use Alpha Levels to convert completely opaque or completely transparent areas of a matte to be semitransparent, or
to convert semitransparent areas to be completely opaque or completely transparent. Because transparency is based
on the monochrome alpha channel, the controls for this effect refer to complete transparency as black and complete
opacityaswhite.ThiseffectisverysimilartotheLevelseffect,whichperformsthesameoperationsoncolorchannels
instead of the alpha channel.
• UseOutputBlackLevelof0andInputBlackLevelgreaterthan0toconvertarangeofsemitransparentareastobe
completely transparent.
• Use Output White Level of 1.0 and Input White Level less than 1.0 to convert a range of semitransparent areas to
be completely opaque.
• Use Output Black Level greater than 0 to convert a range of completely transparent areas to be semitransparent.
• Use Output White Level less than 1.0 to convert a range of completely opaque areas to be semitransparent.
This effect works with 8-bpc and 16-bpc color.
Input Black Level Alpha channel values at this level or lower are mapped to the Output Black Level (maximum trans-
parency).
Input White Level Alpha channel values at this level or higher are mapped to the Output White Level (maximum
opacity).
Gamma Determines the distribution of intermediate (gray, semitransparent) values. A Gamma value of 1 produces
a linear distribution of gray values. Gamma less than 1 biases the distribution toward darker gray values (more trans-
parency). Gamma greater than 1 biases the distribution toward lighter gray values (less transparency).
See also
“Levels effect” on page 399
Arithmetic effect
The Arithmetic effect performs various simple mathematical operations on an image’s red, green, and blue channels.
This effect works with 8-bpc color.
Operator The operation to perform between the value you specify for each channel and the existing value of that
channel for each pixel in the image:
• And, Or, and Xor Apply bitwise logical operations.
• Add, Subtract, Multiply, and Difference Apply basic math functions.
• Max Set the pixel’s channel value to the greater of the specified value and the pixel’s original value.
• Min Set the pixel’s channel value to the lesser of the specified value and the pixel’s original value.
- AFTER EFFECTS 1
- PROFESSIONAL 1
- USER GUIDE 1
- Copyright 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 1: Getting started 6
- Adobe Help 7
- Using Help in the product 8
- Accessibility features 9
- Resources 10
- After Effects CS3 videos 11
- • Importing Photoshop files 12
- • Using Dynamic Link 12
- Bridge Home 13
- Adobe Design Center 14
- Adobe Developer Center 15
- Customer support 15
- Downloads 15
- What’s new 16
- Chapter 2: User interface 18
- Choose a workspace 19
- Dock, group, or float panels 19
- Do one of the following: 20
- Resize panel groups 21
- Save a custom workspace 22
- Reset a workspace 23
- Delete a workspace 23
- Work with columns 23
- Work with viewers 24
- Activate a tool 25
- Work with preferences 26
- Project basics 28
- Save and back up projects 29
- Work with the Flowchart panel 29
- Undo changes 30
- Project planning and setup 31
- Planning your project 33
- Project settings 34
- Exchanging still images 37
- Memory usage and storage 42
- RAM and disk caches 44
- Improve performance 46
- Plug-ins and scripts 49
- Work with scripts 50
- Chapter 4: Importing 52
- Supported import formats 53
- Video and animation formats 54
- Project formats 54
- Import footage items 55
- Interpret footage items 56
- Change frame rate 58
- Change pixel aspect ratio 60
- Common pixel aspect ratios 62
- Working with footage items 63
- Reveal footage items 65
- Refresh footage items 65
- Remove items from a project 65
- Loop a footage item 68
- Importing video and audio 72
- Types of video and film 73
- Separate video fields 76
- 2 Choose File > Import 79
- Importing DDR-based footage 81
- Importing 3D image files 82
- Importing still images 85
- Importing Cineon sequences 90
- Introduction to Camera Raw 91
- About Camera Raw 92
- 3. Adjust color 94
- Camera Raw Settings menu 96
- Camera Raw view controls 96
- Image adjustment tabs 96
- Open images in Camera Raw 97
- 4 Click Save 98
- Adjusting color in Camera Raw 99
- AFTER EFFECTS CS3 100
- Correcting the white balance 101
- Adjust tone in Camera Raw 102
- Rotate images with Camera Raw 106
- Retouch images in Camera Raw 107
- Remove red-eye in Camera Raw 107
- Reducing noise in Camera Raw 108
- Camera Raw settings 109
- Applying a preset 111
- Chapter 5: Compositions 112
- Create a composition 113
- Timeline panel overview 114
- See also 115
- Zoom in or out in time 117
- Set the work area 117
- Precompose layers 119
- About markers 121
- Work with layer-time markers 123
- Synchronize markers to audio 124
- Chapter 6: Views and previews 125
- Loop options for previews 127
- Preview audio 127
- Audio panel options 127
- Audio panel 128
- Preview modes 129
- Work with snapshots 130
- Modifying and using views 131
- Select a 3D view 132
- Resolution 133
- Adjust exposure for previews 134
- Change time display units 136
- Creating layers 138
- Work with the Layer panel 139
- Create an adjustment layer 141
- Select layers 142
- About coordinate systems 144
- Move layers in space 144
- Place a layer in time 148
- Copy or duplicate a layer 150
- Split a layer 151
- Auto-Orientation options 151
- Managing layers 152
- Solo a layer 154
- Lock or unlock a layer 154
- Work with color labels 154
- Layer image quality 155
- Modify layer properties 157
- Set a property value 158
- Work with layer anchor points 159
- Scale a layer 160
- Flip a layer 161
- Rotate a 2D layer 162
- Adjust audio volume levels 162
- Create a null object 164
- Work with guide layers 164
- User Guide 166
- Blending modes 168
- Blending mode reference 169
- Blending mode descriptions 170
- Layer styles 173
- Work with layer styles 174
- Layer style settings 175
- Working with 3D layers 176
- Convert 3D layers 177
- Move a 3D layer 178
- Rotate or orient a 3D layer 178
- Axis modes 179
- • An adjustment layer 180
- Parts of a light 183
- Adjust a camera view 185
- Material Options properties 186
- Chapter 8: Animation 188
- Work with the Graph Editor 189
- Auto Zoom Height and Fit 191
- Set keyframes 192
- Select keyframes 193
- Keyframe menu commands 194
- Delete or disable keyframes 195
- View or edit a keyframe value 196
- Copy and paste keyframes 196
- Work with motion paths 202
- Assorted animation tools 205
- Smooth motion and velocity 207
- Convert audio to keyframes 208
- Interpolation 209
- Auto Bezier interpolation 212
- Hold interpolation 212
- About speed graphs 215
- About changes in speed 215
- Work with the speed graph 218
- Change speed numerically 221
- Automatically ease speed 222
- Use Exponential Scale 223
- Time-stretch a layer 223
- About time-remapping 225
- Time-remap a layer 227
- Time-remap audio pitch 229
- Animating with Puppet tools 231
- Puppet Starch tool 232
- • An unlocked mask path 235
- • A text character’s outline 235
- Puppet Overlap controls 236
- Puppet Starch controls 237
- Chapter 9: Color 239
- High dynamic range color 240
- Choose a color picker 241
- 2 Do one of the following: 241
- 4 Do any of the following: 242
- About color spaces 243
- About gamma and tone response 244
- Color management 246
- Broadcast-safe colors 255
- Transparency overview 257
- About keying 258
- About masks 258
- Creating and importing masks 259
- A. View menu B. Target menu 260
- Working with masks and mattes 262
- Lock or unlock masks 264
- Control mask path color 265
- Mask modes 265
- Adjust the edges of a mask 267
- Adjust mask feather 267
- Animating masks 269
- Use Smart Mask Interpolation 270
- Apply motion blur to a mask 272
- Keying overview and tips 273
- Use a garbage matte 275
- Use a hold-out matte 275
- Close a hole in a matte 276
- Chapter 11: Text 278
- Enter point text 279
- Enter paragraph text 280
- Resize a text bounding box 281
- Change the direction of text 281
- Select text 282
- Formatting characters 283
- Use smart quotes 284
- Specify kerning and tracking 285
- Change the case of text 286
- Formatting paragraphs 288
- Indent and space paragraphs 289
- Animating text 290
- Work with animator properties 293
- Work with selectors 294
- Wiggly selector properties 296
- Examples of text animation 300
- Using paint tools 307
- Work with brushes 308
- Paint with the Brush tool 310
- Use the Clone Stamp tool 312
- Work with clone presets 315
- Use the Eraser tool 315
- Animate paint strokes 315
- Shape layers overview 317
- About paths 318
- About shapes and shape layers 319
- Creating shapes and masks 323
- Move, add, or delete a vertex 328
- Adjust a path segment 328
- Managing and editing shapes 330
- Select a shape layer 331
- Fill rules for shapes 336
- Merge Paths options 338
- (bottom right) 339
- Chapter 13: Motion tracking 340
- Motion tracking workflow 341
- 6. Analyze 343
- 7. Repeat as necessary 343
- 8. Apply tracking data 343
- Motion tracking controls 344
- Motion tracking options 345
- Tracking motion 347
- Adjust the track point 348
- Correct a motion track 350
- About animation presets 352
- About effects 353
- Save an animation preset 358
- Chapter 15: Effect reference 360
- Channel effects gallery 361
- Distort effects gallery 364
- Generate effects gallery 365
- Keying effects gallery 367
- Matte effects gallery 367
- Paint effects gallery 368
- Perspective effects gallery 368
- Simulation effects gallery 369
- Stylize effects gallery 369
- Text effects gallery 370
- Time effects gallery 371
- Transition effects gallery 371
- 3D Channel effects 372
- 3D Channel Extract effect 373
- Depth Matte effect 373
- Depth Of Field effect 374
- Fog 3D effect 375
- Audio effects 376
- Bass & Treble effect 377
- Delay effect 377
- Flange & Chorus effect 377
- High-Low Pass effect 378
- Modulator effect 378
- Parametric EQ effect 379
- Reverb effect 379
- Blur & Sharpen effects 380
- Box Blur effect 381
- Channel Blur effect 381
- Compound Blur effect 381
- Directional Blur effect 382
- Fast Blur effect 382
- Gaussian Blur effect 383
- Lens Blur effect 383
- Radial Blur effect 384
- Sharpen effect 385
- Smart Blur effect 385
- Unsharp Mask effect 385
- Channel effects 386
- Blend effect 387
- Calculations effect 388
- Channel Combiner effect 388
- Compound Arithmetic effect 389
- Invert effect 389
- Minimax effect 390
- Remove Color Matting effect 390
- Set Channels effect 391
- Set Matte effect 391
- Color Correction effects 392
- Auto Levels effect 394
- Broadcast Colors effect 395
- Change Color effect 395
- Change To Color effect 396
- Channel Mixer effect 397
- Color Balance effect 397
- Color Balance (HLS) effect 397
- Color Link effect 397
- Color Stabilizer effect 398
- Colorama effect 398
- Input Phase controls 399
- Output Cycle controls 399
- Modify controls 400
- Curves effect 401
- Equalize effect 401
- Exposure effect 402
- Gamma/Pedestal/Gain effect 402
- Hue/Saturation effect 403
- Leave Color effect 404
- Levels effect 404
- Photo Filter effect 405
- PS Arbitrary Map effect 406
- Shadow/Highlight effect 407
- Tint effect 408
- Tritone effect 408
- Distort effects 409
- Corner Pin effect 410
- Displacement Map effect 411
- Liquify effect 411
- Magnify effect 413
- Mesh Warp effect 414
- Mirror effect 415
- Offset effect 415
- Optics Compensation effect 415
- Polar Coordinates effect 416
- Puppet effect 417
- Reshape effect 417
- Ripple effect 419
- Smear effect 420
- Spherize effect 421
- Transform effect 422
- Turbulent Displace effect 422
- Twirl effect 423
- Warp effect 423
- Generate effects 424
- Advanced Lightning effect 425
- Audio Spectrum effect 426
- Audio Waveform effect 428
- Beam effect 428
- Cell Pattern effect 429
- Checkerboard effect 430
- Circle effect 431
- Ellipse effect 431
- Eyedropper Fill effect 431
- Fill effect 432
- Fractal effect 432
- Grid effect 434
- Lens Flare effect 434
- Lightning effect 435
- Paint Bucket effect 436
- Radio Waves effect 437
- Image Contour controls 438
- Wave Motion controls 439
- Stroke controls 439
- Ramp effect 440
- Scribble effect 440
- Stroke effect 442
- Vegas effect 443
- Write-on effect 444
- Keying effects 445
- Color Key effect 447
- Color Range effect 447
- Difference Matte effect 448
- Extract effect 450
- Inner/Outer Key effect 451
- Linear Color Key effect 452
- Luma Key effect 453
- Spill Suppressor effect 454
- Matte effects 455
- Simple Choker effect 456
- Noise & Grain effects 457
- Add Grain effect 464
- Dust & Scratches effect 465
- Fractal Noise effect 466
- Match Grain effect 469
- Median effect 471
- Noise effect 471
- Noise Alpha effect 471
- Remove Grain effect 473
- ❖ Do any of the following: 475
- Paint effects 476
- Brush Settings controls 478
- • Restart the computer 480
- 2 Press Shift as you paint 483
- Composite Paint options 484
- Perspective effects 486
- Basic 3D effect 488
- Bevel Alpha effect 489
- Bevel Edges effect 489
- Drop Shadow effect 489
- Radial Shadow effect 490
- Simulation effects 491
- Card Dance effect 492
- Caustics effect 494
- Foam effect 496
- Bubbles controls 498
- Physics controls 498
- Rendering controls 499
- Particle Playground effect 500
- Cannon controls 502
- Grid controls 502
- Layer Map controls 504
- Gravity controls 507
- Repel controls 507
- Wall controls 507
- Affects controls 507
- Shatter effect 513
- Shape controls 515
- Force 1 and Force 2 controls 515
- Gradient controls 516
- Textures controls 517
- Corner Pins controls 518
- Creating a custom shatter map 518
- Wave World effect 519
- Wireframe controls 520
- Height Map controls 520
- Simulation controls 520
- Ground controls 521
- Stylize effects 522
- Color Emboss effect 523
- Emboss effect 523
- Find Edges effect 524
- Glow effect 524
- Mosaic effect 525
- Motion Tile effect 525
- Posterize effect 526
- Roughen Edges effect 526
- Scatter effect 527
- Strobe Light effect 528
- Texturize effect 528
- Text effects 529
- Numbers effect 530
- Path Text effect 531
- Path Options controls 532
- Character controls 533
- Paragraph controls 533
- Advanced controls 534
- Timecode effect 535
- Time effects 536
- Posterize Time effect 537
- Time Difference effect 537
- Time Displacement effect 538
- Time Resolution (fps) 539
- Timewarp effect 540
- Transition effects 541
- Block Dissolve effect 542
- Card Wipe effect 542
- Gradient Wipe effect 544
- Iris Wipe effect 545
- Linear Wipe effect 546
- Radial Wipe effect 546
- Utility effects 547
- Grow Bounds effect 549
- HDR Compander effect 550
- Chapter 16: Expressions 552
- Add comments to an expression 558
- Save and reuse expressions 559
- The expression language 561
- Indices and labels 563
- Expression time 564
- Global objects 565
- Time conversion methods 566
- Vector Math methods 567
- Random Numbers methods 568
- Interpolation methods 570
- Color Conversion methods 571
- Other Math methods 571
- Comp attributes and methods 572
- Camera attributes and methods 579
- Light attributes and methods 580
- Effect attributes and methods 581
- Mask attributes and methods 581
- Key attributes and methods 585
- MarkerKey attributes 586
- Expression examples 587
- About rendering and exporting 592
- Supported output formats 593
- Video project formats 594
- Still-image formats 594
- Message A status message 597
- Render with OpenGL 598
- Collect files in one location 599
- Work with render settings 602
- Render settings 603
- Output module settings 606
- Use a post-render action 607
- SWF export settings 609
- Creating motion-picture film 611
- About Filmstrip format 612
- ❖ Do one of the following: 615
- About the Adobe Media Encoder 618
- About MPEG 618
- Filter options for encoding 619
- Video options for encoding 619
- Audio options for encoding 620
- Others options for encoding 622
- About data rate 624
- Network considerations 630
- Set up watch-folder rendering 631
- Start in watch-folder mode 633
- Converting movies 635
- Scaling a movie down 636
- Scaling a movie up 637
- Introduce 3:2 pulldown 638
- Test field-rendering order 639
- About Clip Notes comments 639
- Clip Notes export settings 640
- Add Clip Notes comments 641
- Import Clip Notes comments 641
- Shortcuts, general 643
- Shortcuts for time navigation 648
- Shortcuts for 3D layers 654
- Shortcuts for keyframes 655
- Shortcuts for motion tracking 661
- Character panel 278 664
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